Sex differences in the effect of fish-oil supplementation on the adaptive response to resistance exercise training in older people: a randomized controlled trial

Mariasole Da Boit; Rachael Sibson; Selvaraj Sivasubramaniam; Judith R Meakin; Carolyn A Greig; Richard Aspden; Frank Thies; Stewart Jeromson; D Lee Hamilton; John R Speakman; Catherine Hambly; Arduino A Mangoni; Thomas Preston; Stuart R Gray

doi:10.3945/ajcn.116.140780

Sex differences in the effect of fish-oil supplementation on the adaptive response to resistance exercise training in older people: a randomized controlled trial

Mariasole Da Boit, Rachael Sibson, Selvaraj Sivasubramaniam, Judith R Meakin, Carolyn A Greig, Richard Aspden, Frank Thies, Stewart Jeromson, D Lee Hamilton, John R Speakman, Catherine Hambly, Arduino A Mangoni, Thomas Preston, Stuart R Gray

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Resistance exercise increases muscle mass and function in older adults, but responses are attenuated compared with younger people. Data suggest that long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) may enhance adaptations to resistance exercise in older women. To our knowledge, this possibility has not been investigated in men.

OBJECTIVE: We sought to determine the effects of long-chain n-3 PUFA supplementation on resistance exercise training-induced increases in muscle mass and function and whether these effects differ between older men and women.

DESIGN: Fifty men and women [men: n = 27, mean ± SD age: 70.6 ± 4.5 y, mean ± SD body mass index (BMI; in kg/m(2)): 25.6 ± 4.2; women: n = 23, mean ± SD age: 70.7 ± 3.3 y, mean ± SD BMI: 25.3 ± 4.7] were randomly assigned to either long-chain n-3 PUFA (n = 23; 3 g fish oil/d) or placebo (n = 27; 3 g safflower oil/d) and participated in lower-limb resistance exercise training twice weekly for 18 wk. Muscle size, strength, and quality (strength per unit muscle area), functional abilities, and circulating metabolic and inflammatory markers were measured before and after the intervention.

RESULTS: Maximal isometric torque increased after exercise training to a greater (P < 0.05) extent in the long-chain n-3 PUFA group than in the placebo group in women, with no differences (P > 0.05) between groups in men. In both sexes, the effect of exercise training on maximal isokinetic torque at 30, 90, and 240° s(-1), 4-m walk time, chair-rise time, muscle anatomic cross-sectional area, and muscle fat did not differ (P > 0.05) between groups. There was a greater (P < 0.05) increase in muscle quality in women after exercise training in the long-chain n-3 PUFA group than in the placebo group, with no such differences in men (P > 0.05). Long-chain n-3 PUFAs resulted in a greater decrease (P < 0.05) than the placebo in plasma triglyceride concentrations in both sexes, with no differences (P > 0.05) in glucose, insulin, or inflammatory markers.

CONCLUSION: Long-chain n-3 PUFA supplementation augments increases in muscle function and quality in older women but not in older men after resistance exercise training. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02843009.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	151-158
Number of pages	8
Journal	The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
Volume	105
Issue number	1
Early online date	16 Nov 2016
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.116.140780
Publication status	Published - Jan 2017

Bibliographical note

We thank MC Thivierge for fruitful discussions in the early stages of the study design and B Jagpal for assistance with the MRI.
The authors’ responsibilities were as follows—SRG: designed and supervised the study and had primary responsibility for the final content; MDB, RS, and SRG: conducted the study; MDB, SS, and SRG: performed the statistical analysis; MDB, JRM, CAG, RMA, FT, SJ, DLH, JRS, CH, TP, and SRG: performed the sample and image analyses; AAM: provided medical supervision for the study; MDB and SRG: drafted the manuscript; and all authors: read and approved the final manuscript. None of the authors reported a conflict of interest related to the study.

Keywords

aging
exercise
fatty acids
muscle
sarcopenia

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Sex differences in the effect of fish-oil supplementation on the adaptive response to resistance exercise training in older people: a randomized controlled tria
This is an open access article distributed under the CC-BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).
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Frank Thies
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, Aberdeen Cardiovascular and Diabetes Centre
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, The Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health - Reader
Person: Academic

Cite this

Da Boit, M., Sibson, R., Sivasubramaniam, S., Meakin, J. R., Greig, C. A., Aspden, R., Thies, F., Jeromson, S., Hamilton, D. L., Speakman, J. R., Hambly, C., Mangoni, A. A., Preston, T., & Gray, S. R. (2017). Sex differences in the effect of fish-oil supplementation on the adaptive response to resistance exercise training in older people: a randomized controlled trial. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 105(1), 151-158. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.116.140780

Sex differences in the effect of fish-oil supplementation on the adaptive response to resistance exercise training in older people: a randomized controlled trial. / Da Boit, Mariasole; Sibson, Rachael; Sivasubramaniam, Selvaraj et al.
In: The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol. 105, No. 1, 01.2017, p. 151-158.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Da Boit, M, Sibson, R, Sivasubramaniam, S, Meakin, JR, Greig, CA, Aspden, R , Thies, F, Jeromson, S, Hamilton, DL, Speakman, JR , Hambly, C, Mangoni, AA, Preston, T & Gray, SR 2017, 'Sex differences in the effect of fish-oil supplementation on the adaptive response to resistance exercise training in older people: a randomized controlled trial', The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, vol. 105, no. 1, pp. 151-158. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.116.140780

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title = "Sex differences in the effect of fish-oil supplementation on the adaptive response to resistance exercise training in older people: a randomized controlled trial",

abstract = "BACKGROUND: Resistance exercise increases muscle mass and function in older adults, but responses are attenuated compared with younger people. Data suggest that long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) may enhance adaptations to resistance exercise in older women. To our knowledge, this possibility has not been investigated in men.OBJECTIVE: We sought to determine the effects of long-chain n-3 PUFA supplementation on resistance exercise training-induced increases in muscle mass and function and whether these effects differ between older men and women.DESIGN: Fifty men and women [men: n = 27, mean ± SD age: 70.6 ± 4.5 y, mean ± SD body mass index (BMI; in kg/m(2)): 25.6 ± 4.2; women: n = 23, mean ± SD age: 70.7 ± 3.3 y, mean ± SD BMI: 25.3 ± 4.7] were randomly assigned to either long-chain n-3 PUFA (n = 23; 3 g fish oil/d) or placebo (n = 27; 3 g safflower oil/d) and participated in lower-limb resistance exercise training twice weekly for 18 wk. Muscle size, strength, and quality (strength per unit muscle area), functional abilities, and circulating metabolic and inflammatory markers were measured before and after the intervention.RESULTS: Maximal isometric torque increased after exercise training to a greater (P < 0.05) extent in the long-chain n-3 PUFA group than in the placebo group in women, with no differences (P > 0.05) between groups in men. In both sexes, the effect of exercise training on maximal isokinetic torque at 30, 90, and 240° s(-1), 4-m walk time, chair-rise time, muscle anatomic cross-sectional area, and muscle fat did not differ (P > 0.05) between groups. There was a greater (P < 0.05) increase in muscle quality in women after exercise training in the long-chain n-3 PUFA group than in the placebo group, with no such differences in men (P > 0.05). Long-chain n-3 PUFAs resulted in a greater decrease (P < 0.05) than the placebo in plasma triglyceride concentrations in both sexes, with no differences (P > 0.05) in glucose, insulin, or inflammatory markers.CONCLUSION: Long-chain n-3 PUFA supplementation augments increases in muscle function and quality in older women but not in older men after resistance exercise training. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02843009.",

keywords = "aging , exercise, fatty acids, muscle, sarcopenia",

author = "{Da Boit}, Mariasole and Rachael Sibson and Selvaraj Sivasubramaniam and Meakin, {Judith R} and Greig, {Carolyn A} and Richard Aspden and Frank Thies and Stewart Jeromson and Hamilton, {D Lee} and Speakman, {John R} and Catherine Hambly and Mangoni, {Arduino A} and Thomas Preston and Gray, {Stuart R}",

note = "We thank MC Thivierge for fruitful discussions in the early stages of the study design and B Jagpal for assistance with the MRI. The authors{\textquoteright} responsibilities were as follows—SRG: designed and supervised the study and had primary responsibility for the final content; MDB, RS, and SRG: conducted the study; MDB, SS, and SRG: performed the statistical analysis; MDB, JRM, CAG, RMA, FT, SJ, DLH, JRS, CH, TP, and SRG: performed the sample and image analyses; AAM: provided medical supervision for the study; MDB and SRG: drafted the manuscript; and all authors: read and approved the final manuscript. None of the authors reported a conflict of interest related to the study.",

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doi = "10.3945/ajcn.116.140780",

language = "English",

volume = "105",

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T1 - Sex differences in the effect of fish-oil supplementation on the adaptive response to resistance exercise training in older people

T2 - a randomized controlled trial

AU - Da Boit, Mariasole

AU - Sibson, Rachael

AU - Sivasubramaniam, Selvaraj

AU - Meakin, Judith R

AU - Greig, Carolyn A

AU - Aspden, Richard

AU - Thies, Frank

AU - Jeromson, Stewart

AU - Hamilton, D Lee

AU - Speakman, John R

AU - Hambly, Catherine

AU - Mangoni, Arduino A

AU - Preston, Thomas

AU - Gray, Stuart R

N1 - We thank MC Thivierge for fruitful discussions in the early stages of the study design and B Jagpal for assistance with the MRI. The authors’ responsibilities were as follows—SRG: designed and supervised the study and had primary responsibility for the final content; MDB, RS, and SRG: conducted the study; MDB, SS, and SRG: performed the statistical analysis; MDB, JRM, CAG, RMA, FT, SJ, DLH, JRS, CH, TP, and SRG: performed the sample and image analyses; AAM: provided medical supervision for the study; MDB and SRG: drafted the manuscript; and all authors: read and approved the final manuscript. None of the authors reported a conflict of interest related to the study.

PY - 2017/1

Y1 - 2017/1

N2 - BACKGROUND: Resistance exercise increases muscle mass and function in older adults, but responses are attenuated compared with younger people. Data suggest that long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) may enhance adaptations to resistance exercise in older women. To our knowledge, this possibility has not been investigated in men.OBJECTIVE: We sought to determine the effects of long-chain n-3 PUFA supplementation on resistance exercise training-induced increases in muscle mass and function and whether these effects differ between older men and women.DESIGN: Fifty men and women [men: n = 27, mean ± SD age: 70.6 ± 4.5 y, mean ± SD body mass index (BMI; in kg/m(2)): 25.6 ± 4.2; women: n = 23, mean ± SD age: 70.7 ± 3.3 y, mean ± SD BMI: 25.3 ± 4.7] were randomly assigned to either long-chain n-3 PUFA (n = 23; 3 g fish oil/d) or placebo (n = 27; 3 g safflower oil/d) and participated in lower-limb resistance exercise training twice weekly for 18 wk. Muscle size, strength, and quality (strength per unit muscle area), functional abilities, and circulating metabolic and inflammatory markers were measured before and after the intervention.RESULTS: Maximal isometric torque increased after exercise training to a greater (P < 0.05) extent in the long-chain n-3 PUFA group than in the placebo group in women, with no differences (P > 0.05) between groups in men. In both sexes, the effect of exercise training on maximal isokinetic torque at 30, 90, and 240° s(-1), 4-m walk time, chair-rise time, muscle anatomic cross-sectional area, and muscle fat did not differ (P > 0.05) between groups. There was a greater (P < 0.05) increase in muscle quality in women after exercise training in the long-chain n-3 PUFA group than in the placebo group, with no such differences in men (P > 0.05). Long-chain n-3 PUFAs resulted in a greater decrease (P < 0.05) than the placebo in plasma triglyceride concentrations in both sexes, with no differences (P > 0.05) in glucose, insulin, or inflammatory markers.CONCLUSION: Long-chain n-3 PUFA supplementation augments increases in muscle function and quality in older women but not in older men after resistance exercise training. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02843009.

AB - BACKGROUND: Resistance exercise increases muscle mass and function in older adults, but responses are attenuated compared with younger people. Data suggest that long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) may enhance adaptations to resistance exercise in older women. To our knowledge, this possibility has not been investigated in men.OBJECTIVE: We sought to determine the effects of long-chain n-3 PUFA supplementation on resistance exercise training-induced increases in muscle mass and function and whether these effects differ between older men and women.DESIGN: Fifty men and women [men: n = 27, mean ± SD age: 70.6 ± 4.5 y, mean ± SD body mass index (BMI; in kg/m(2)): 25.6 ± 4.2; women: n = 23, mean ± SD age: 70.7 ± 3.3 y, mean ± SD BMI: 25.3 ± 4.7] were randomly assigned to either long-chain n-3 PUFA (n = 23; 3 g fish oil/d) or placebo (n = 27; 3 g safflower oil/d) and participated in lower-limb resistance exercise training twice weekly for 18 wk. Muscle size, strength, and quality (strength per unit muscle area), functional abilities, and circulating metabolic and inflammatory markers were measured before and after the intervention.RESULTS: Maximal isometric torque increased after exercise training to a greater (P < 0.05) extent in the long-chain n-3 PUFA group than in the placebo group in women, with no differences (P > 0.05) between groups in men. In both sexes, the effect of exercise training on maximal isokinetic torque at 30, 90, and 240° s(-1), 4-m walk time, chair-rise time, muscle anatomic cross-sectional area, and muscle fat did not differ (P > 0.05) between groups. There was a greater (P < 0.05) increase in muscle quality in women after exercise training in the long-chain n-3 PUFA group than in the placebo group, with no such differences in men (P > 0.05). Long-chain n-3 PUFAs resulted in a greater decrease (P < 0.05) than the placebo in plasma triglyceride concentrations in both sexes, with no differences (P > 0.05) in glucose, insulin, or inflammatory markers.CONCLUSION: Long-chain n-3 PUFA supplementation augments increases in muscle function and quality in older women but not in older men after resistance exercise training. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02843009.

KW - aging

KW - exercise

KW - fatty acids

KW - muscle

KW - sarcopenia

U2 - 10.3945/ajcn.116.140780

DO - 10.3945/ajcn.116.140780

M3 - Article

C2 - 27852617

SN - 0002-9165

VL - 105

SP - 151

EP - 158

JO - The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

JF - The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

IS - 1

ER -

Sex differences in the effect of fish-oil supplementation on the adaptive response to resistance exercise training in older people: a randomized controlled trial

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Frank Thies

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