TY - JOUR
T1 - Soil organic carbon and nitrogen pools are increased by mixed grass and legume cover crops in vineyard agroecosystems
T2 - Detecting short-term management effects using infrared spectroscopy
AU - Ball, K.R.
AU - Baldock, J.A.
AU - Penfold, C.
AU - Power, S. A .
AU - Woodin, S. J.
AU - Smith, P.
AU - Pendall, E.
N1 - Acknowledgements:
The authors wish to acknowledge the traditional owners of the lands
on which these studies were conducted: The Ngarrindjeri and others, the Ngadjuri Nation, and The First Peoples of the Murray River and Mallee Region. We wish to acknowledge technical support provided by Janine McGowan and Dr Thomas Carter @ CSIRO Waite campus whose assistance was invaluable in obtaining accurate IRS measurements and results from C and N analyses. We wish to acknowledge the University of Adelaide and Wine Australia for the development of the under-vine cover cropping trial on which this study was conducted, in addition to the growers at CMV Farms, Eden Hall Wines, SARDI Research Station and Oxford Landing in South Australia for their care in providing and maintaining the commercial field sites. We also wish to acknowledge internal reviewer J. Li and two anonymous reviewers who assisted in refining the manuscript for publication. The authors also wish to thank Johanna Pihlblad at Western Sydney University for producing the study site map for the publication. Funding for this project was provided by a joint University of Western Sydney and University of Aberdeen postgraduate award to KB.
PY - 2020/12/1
Y1 - 2020/12/1
N2 - The incorporation of cover crops in orchards and vineyards can increase soil organic carbon (OC) and improve nitrogen (N) availability. This study compared how three herbaceous under-vine cover crop assemblages affected OC and N pools in four edaphically distinct vineyard agroecosystems. Using physical fractionation and soil spectral analysis we: 1) compared effects of grass and legume mono- and poly-cultures on total, coarse (≥50 µm) and fine (<50 µm) pools of OC and total N (TN), as well as extractable N (ExN), and 2) assessed predictions of OC and TN pools by infrared spectroscopy (IRS) and partial least squares regression analyses (PLSR). Compared with the control treatment, total, coarse and fine fraction OC were greater in the presence of grasses and legumes; ExN was increased 38% by legumes, and 78% in legume-grass mixture. With initial calibration, we used one soil spectral analysis to successfully derive models predicting contents of OC in the whole soil, and the allocation of OC to coarse and fine fractions. In addition to demonstrating the efficacy of incorporating grass and legume cover crops into vineyard cropping systems to improve OC and the storage and availability of N across diverse soil types, this study confirms the ability of IRS/PLSR to predict changes in OC concentrations related to differential ground cover management. IRS/PLSR is an important and practical approach for the rapid quantification of short-term management impacts on SOM pools, contributing significantly towards improved understanding of soil C and N dynamics in vineyard agroecosystems.
AB - The incorporation of cover crops in orchards and vineyards can increase soil organic carbon (OC) and improve nitrogen (N) availability. This study compared how three herbaceous under-vine cover crop assemblages affected OC and N pools in four edaphically distinct vineyard agroecosystems. Using physical fractionation and soil spectral analysis we: 1) compared effects of grass and legume mono- and poly-cultures on total, coarse (≥50 µm) and fine (<50 µm) pools of OC and total N (TN), as well as extractable N (ExN), and 2) assessed predictions of OC and TN pools by infrared spectroscopy (IRS) and partial least squares regression analyses (PLSR). Compared with the control treatment, total, coarse and fine fraction OC were greater in the presence of grasses and legumes; ExN was increased 38% by legumes, and 78% in legume-grass mixture. With initial calibration, we used one soil spectral analysis to successfully derive models predicting contents of OC in the whole soil, and the allocation of OC to coarse and fine fractions. In addition to demonstrating the efficacy of incorporating grass and legume cover crops into vineyard cropping systems to improve OC and the storage and availability of N across diverse soil types, this study confirms the ability of IRS/PLSR to predict changes in OC concentrations related to differential ground cover management. IRS/PLSR is an important and practical approach for the rapid quantification of short-term management impacts on SOM pools, contributing significantly towards improved understanding of soil C and N dynamics in vineyard agroecosystems.
KW - Shiraz
KW - Merlot
KW - Soil health
KW - Particulate organic matter
KW - Mineral-associated organic matter
KW - Roots
KW - MIR
KW - Facilitation
KW - GREENHOUSE-GAS EMISSIONS
KW - PLANT FUNCTIONAL COMPOSITION
KW - CLIMATE-CHANGE
KW - MICROBIAL CARBON
KW - DIFFUSE-REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY
KW - ECOSYSTEM SERVICES
KW - MICROBIOLOGICAL FUNCTION
KW - AUSTRALIAN SOILS
KW - CROPPING SYSTEMS
KW - PARTIAL LEAST-SQUARES
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85089092972&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.geoderma.2020.114619
DO - 10.1016/j.geoderma.2020.114619
M3 - Article
VL - 379
JO - Geoderma
JF - Geoderma
SN - 0016-7061
M1 - 114619
ER -
