Species packing and the latitudinal gradient in beta-diversity

Ke Cao; Richard Condit; Xiangcheng Mi; Lei Chen; Haibao Ren; Wubing Xu; David F R P Burslem; Chunrong Cai; Min Cao; Li-Wan Chang; Chengjin Chu; Fuxin Cui; Hu Du; Sisira Ediriweera; C S V Gunatilleke; I U A N Gunatilleke; Zhanqing Hao; Guangze Jin; Jinbo Li; Buhang Li; Yide Li; Yankun Liu; Hongwei Ni; Michael J O'Brien; Xiujuan Qiao; Guochun Shen; Songyan Tian; Xihua Wang; Han Xu; Yaozhan Xu; Libing Yang; Sandra L Yap; Juyu Lian; Wanhui Ye; Mingjian Yu; Sheng-Hsin Su; Chia-Hao Chang-Yang; Yili Guo; Xiankun Li; Fuping Zeng; Daoguang Zhu; Li Zhu; I-Fang Sun; Keping Ma; Jens-Christian Svenning

doi:10.1098/rspb.2020.3045

Species packing and the latitudinal gradient in beta-diversity

Ke Cao, Richard Condit, Xiangcheng Mi, Lei Chen, Haibao Ren, Wubing Xu, David F R P Burslem, Chunrong Cai, Min Cao, Li-Wan Chang, Chengjin Chu, Fuxin Cui, Hu Du, Sisira Ediriweera, C S V Gunatilleke, I U A N Gunatilleke, Zhanqing Hao, Guangze Jin, Jinbo Li, Buhang LiYide Li, Yankun Liu, Hongwei Ni, Michael J O'Brien, Xiujuan Qiao, Guochun Shen, Songyan Tian, Xihua Wang, Han Xu, Yaozhan Xu, Libing Yang, Sandra L Yap, Juyu Lian, Wanhui Ye, Mingjian Yu, Sheng-Hsin Su, Chia-Hao Chang-Yang, Yili Guo, Xiankun Li, Fuping Zeng, Daoguang Zhu, Li Zhu, I-Fang Sun, Keping Ma, Jens-Christian Svenning

Aberdeen Centre For Environmental Sustainability

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

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Abstract

The decline in species richness at higher latitudes is among the most fundamental patterns in ecology. Whether changes in species composition across space (beta-diversity) contribute to this gradient of overall species richness (gamma-diversity) remains hotly debated. Previous studies that failed to resolve the issue suffered from a well-known tendency for small samples in areas with high gamma-diversity to have inflated measures of beta-diversity. Here, we provide a novel analytical test, using beta-diversity metrics that correct the gamma-diversity and sampling biases, to compare beta-diversity and species packing across a latitudinal gradient in tree species richness of 21 large forest plots along a large environmental gradient in East Asia. We demonstrate that after accounting for topography and correcting the gamma-diversity bias, tropical forests still have higher beta-diversity than temperate analogues. This suggests that beta-diversity contributes to the latitudinal species richness gradient as a component of gamma-diversity. Moreover, both niche specialization and niche marginality (a measure of niche spacing along an environmental gradient) also increase towards the equator, after controlling for the effect of topographical heterogeneity. This supports the joint importance of tighter species packing and larger niche space in tropical forests while also demonstrating the importance of local processes in controlling beta-diversity.

Original language	English
Article number	20203045
Number of pages	8
Journal	Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. B, Biological Sciences
Volume	288
Issue number	1948
Early online date	14 Apr 2021
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.3045
Publication status	Published - 14 Apr 2021

Bibliographical note

Acknowledgements

We thank Dingliang Xing, Tak Fung, Fangliang He and Gabriel Arellano for comments on the earlier draft. We thank Alex Karolus for leading the census in the Danum Valley forest plot, and we are grateful to Mike Bernados and Bill McDonald for species identifications, to Fangliang He, Stuart Davies and Shameema Esufali for advice and training, to Qianjiangyuan National Park, the Center for Forest Science at Morton Arboretum, Fushan Research Center, Lienhuachih Research Center and Sri Lankan Forest Department for logistical support and the hundreds of fieldworkers and students who measured and mapped the trees analysed in this study.

Funding. This work was financially supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDB31000000) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC 31770478). Data collection was funded by many organizations,principally, NSFC 31470490, 31470487, 41475123, 31570426, 31570432, 31570486, 31622014, 31660130, 31670441, 31670628, 31700356, 31760141, 31870404 and 32061123003, the Southeast Asia Rain Forest Research Programme (SEARRP), National Key Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2014CB954100), SEARRP partners especially Yayasan Sabah, HSBC Malaysia, financial project of Heilongjiang Pro- vince (XKLY2018ZR01), National Key R&D Program of China (2016YFC1201102 and 2016YFC0502405), the Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund (CAFYBB2017ZE001), CTFS Forest GEO for funding for Sinharaja forest plot, the Taiwan For- estry Bureau (92-00-2-06 and tfbm960226), the Taiwan Forestry Research Institute (93AS-2.4.2-FI-G1, 94AS-11.1.2-FI-G1, and 97AS- 7.1.1.F1-G1) and the Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan (NSC92-3114-B002-009) for funding the Fushan and Lienhuachih plots, Scientific Research Funds of Heilongjiang Provincial Research Institutes (CZKYF2021B006). J.C.S. considers this work a contribution to his VILLUM Investigator project ‘Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World’ funded by VILLUM FONDEN (grant no. 16549).

Keywords

sampling bias
niche specialisation
latitude
beta-diversity
gamma-diversity
species packing

Access to Document

10.1098/rspb.2020.3045Licence: Unspecified

Cao_etal_PRSLB_Species_Packing_And_AAMAccepted author manuscript, 1.56 MBLicence: Other

Species packing and the latitudinal gradient in local beta-diversity
Cao, K. (Creator), Condit, R. (Creator), Mi, X. (Creator), Chen, L. (Creator), Xu, W. (Creator), Burslem, D. (Creator), Cai, C. (Creator), Cao, M. (Creator), Chang, L. (Creator), Chu, C. (Creator), Du, H. (Creator), Ediriweera, S. (Creator), Gunatilleke, C. S. V. (Creator), Gunatilleke, I. U. A. N. (Creator), Hao, Z. (Creator), Li, J. (Creator), Jin, G. (Creator), Li, B. (Creator), Liu, Y. (Creator), Li, Y. (Creator), O'Brien, M. J. (Creator), Qiao, X. (Creator), Ni, H. (Creator), Shen, G. (Creator), Wang, X. (Creator), Tian, S. (Creator), Yang, L. (Creator), Xu, H. (Creator), Xu, Y. (Creator), Yap, S. L. (Creator), Ye, W. (Creator), Lian, J. (Creator), Yu, M. (Creator), Chang-Yang, C. (Creator), Su, S. (Creator), Guo, Y. (Creator), Zeng, F. (Creator), Li, X. (Creator), Sun, I. (Creator), Zhu, L. (Creator), Zhu, D. (Creator), Ma, K. (Creator) & Svenning, J. (Creator), Zenodo, 1 Jan 2021
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.tht76hdww, https://zenodo.org/record/4716789 and one more link, http://datadryad.org/stash/dataset/doi:10.5061/dryad.tht76hdww (show fewer)
Dataset

Cite this

Cao, K., Condit, R., Mi, X., Chen, L., Ren, H., Xu, W., Burslem, D. F. R. P., Cai, C., Cao, M., Chang, L.-W., Chu, C., Cui, F., Du, H., Ediriweera, S., Gunatilleke, C. S. V., Gunatilleke, I. U. A. N., Hao, Z., Jin, G., Li, J., ... Svenning, J.-C. (2021). Species packing and the latitudinal gradient in beta-diversity. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. B, Biological Sciences, 288(1948), Article 20203045. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.3045

Cao, K, Condit, R, Mi, X, Chen, L, Ren, H, Xu, W, Burslem, DFRP, Cai, C, Cao, M, Chang, L-W, Chu, C, Cui, F, Du, H, Ediriweera, S, Gunatilleke, CSV, Gunatilleke, IUAN, Hao, Z, Jin, G, Li, J, Li, B, Li, Y, Liu, Y, Ni, H, O'Brien, MJ, Qiao, X, Shen, G, Tian, S, Wang, X, Xu, H, Xu, Y, Yang, L, Yap, SL, Lian, J, Ye, W, Yu, M, Su, S-H, Chang-Yang, C-H, Guo, Y, Li, X, Zeng, F, Zhu, D, Zhu, L, Sun, I-F, Ma, K & Svenning, J-C 2021, 'Species packing and the latitudinal gradient in beta-diversity', Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. B, Biological Sciences, vol. 288, no. 1948, 20203045. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.3045

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title = "Species packing and the latitudinal gradient in beta-diversity",

abstract = "The decline in species richness at higher latitudes is among the most fundamental patterns in ecology. Whether changes in species composition across space (beta-diversity) contribute to this gradient of overall species richness (gamma-diversity) remains hotly debated. Previous studies that failed to resolve the issue suffered from a well-known tendency for small samples in areas with high gamma-diversity to have inflated measures of beta-diversity. Here, we provide a novel analytical test, using beta-diversity metrics that correct the gamma-diversity and sampling biases, to compare beta-diversity and species packing across a latitudinal gradient in tree species richness of 21 large forest plots along a large environmental gradient in East Asia. We demonstrate that after accounting for topography and correcting the gamma-diversity bias, tropical forests still have higher beta-diversity than temperate analogues. This suggests that beta-diversity contributes to the latitudinal species richness gradient as a component of gamma-diversity. Moreover, both niche specialization and niche marginality (a measure of niche spacing along an environmental gradient) also increase towards the equator, after controlling for the effect of topographical heterogeneity. This supports the joint importance of tighter species packing and larger niche space in tropical forests while also demonstrating the importance of local processes in controlling beta-diversity.",

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author = "Ke Cao and Richard Condit and Xiangcheng Mi and Lei Chen and Haibao Ren and Wubing Xu and Burslem, {David F R P} and Chunrong Cai and Min Cao and Li-Wan Chang and Chengjin Chu and Fuxin Cui and Hu Du and Sisira Ediriweera and Gunatilleke, {C S V} and Gunatilleke, {I U A N} and Zhanqing Hao and Guangze Jin and Jinbo Li and Buhang Li and Yide Li and Yankun Liu and Hongwei Ni and O'Brien, {Michael J} and Xiujuan Qiao and Guochun Shen and Songyan Tian and Xihua Wang and Han Xu and Yaozhan Xu and Libing Yang and Yap, {Sandra L} and Juyu Lian and Wanhui Ye and Mingjian Yu and Sheng-Hsin Su and Chia-Hao Chang-Yang and Yili Guo and Xiankun Li and Fuping Zeng and Daoguang Zhu and Li Zhu and I-Fang Sun and Keping Ma and Jens-Christian Svenning",

note = "Acknowledgements We thank Dingliang Xing, Tak Fung, Fangliang He and Gabriel Arellano for comments on the earlier draft. We thank Alex Karolus for leading the census in the Danum Valley forest plot, and we are grateful to Mike Bernados and Bill McDonald for species identifications, to Fangliang He, Stuart Davies and Shameema Esufali for advice and training, to Qianjiangyuan National Park, the Center for Forest Science at Morton Arboretum, Fushan Research Center, Lienhuachih Research Center and Sri Lankan Forest Department for logistical support and the hundreds of fieldworkers and students who measured and mapped the trees analysed in this study. Funding. This work was financially supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDB31000000) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC 31770478). Data collection was funded by many organizations,principally, NSFC 31470490, 31470487, 41475123, 31570426, 31570432, 31570486, 31622014, 31660130, 31670441, 31670628, 31700356, 31760141, 31870404 and 32061123003, the Southeast Asia Rain Forest Research Programme (SEARRP), National Key Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2014CB954100), SEARRP partners especially Yayasan Sabah, HSBC Malaysia, financial project of Heilongjiang Pro- vince (XKLY2018ZR01), National Key R&D Program of China (2016YFC1201102 and 2016YFC0502405), the Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund (CAFYBB2017ZE001), CTFS Forest GEO for funding for Sinharaja forest plot, the Taiwan For- estry Bureau (92-00-2-06 and tfbm960226), the Taiwan Forestry Research Institute (93AS-2.4.2-FI-G1, 94AS-11.1.2-FI-G1, and 97AS- 7.1.1.F1-G1) and the Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan (NSC92-3114-B002-009) for funding the Fushan and Lienhuachih plots, Scientific Research Funds of Heilongjiang Provincial Research Institutes (CZKYF2021B006). J.C.S. considers this work a contribution to his VILLUM Investigator project {\textquoteleft}Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World{\textquoteright} funded by VILLUM FONDEN (grant no. 16549).",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Species packing and the latitudinal gradient in beta-diversity

AU - Cao, Ke

AU - Condit, Richard

AU - Mi, Xiangcheng

AU - Chen, Lei

AU - Ren, Haibao

AU - Xu, Wubing

AU - Burslem, David F R P

AU - Cai, Chunrong

AU - Cao, Min

AU - Chang, Li-Wan

AU - Chu, Chengjin

AU - Cui, Fuxin

AU - Du, Hu

AU - Ediriweera, Sisira

AU - Gunatilleke, C S V

AU - Gunatilleke, I U A N

AU - Hao, Zhanqing

AU - Jin, Guangze

AU - Li, Jinbo

AU - Li, Buhang

AU - Li, Yide

AU - Liu, Yankun

AU - Ni, Hongwei

AU - O'Brien, Michael J

AU - Qiao, Xiujuan

AU - Shen, Guochun

AU - Tian, Songyan

AU - Wang, Xihua

AU - Xu, Han

AU - Xu, Yaozhan

AU - Yang, Libing

AU - Yap, Sandra L

AU - Lian, Juyu

AU - Ye, Wanhui

AU - Yu, Mingjian

AU - Su, Sheng-Hsin

AU - Chang-Yang, Chia-Hao

AU - Guo, Yili

AU - Li, Xiankun

AU - Zeng, Fuping

AU - Zhu, Daoguang

AU - Zhu, Li

AU - Sun, I-Fang

AU - Ma, Keping

AU - Svenning, Jens-Christian

N1 - Acknowledgements We thank Dingliang Xing, Tak Fung, Fangliang He and Gabriel Arellano for comments on the earlier draft. We thank Alex Karolus for leading the census in the Danum Valley forest plot, and we are grateful to Mike Bernados and Bill McDonald for species identifications, to Fangliang He, Stuart Davies and Shameema Esufali for advice and training, to Qianjiangyuan National Park, the Center for Forest Science at Morton Arboretum, Fushan Research Center, Lienhuachih Research Center and Sri Lankan Forest Department for logistical support and the hundreds of fieldworkers and students who measured and mapped the trees analysed in this study. Funding. This work was financially supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDB31000000) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC 31770478). Data collection was funded by many organizations,principally, NSFC 31470490, 31470487, 41475123, 31570426, 31570432, 31570486, 31622014, 31660130, 31670441, 31670628, 31700356, 31760141, 31870404 and 32061123003, the Southeast Asia Rain Forest Research Programme (SEARRP), National Key Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2014CB954100), SEARRP partners especially Yayasan Sabah, HSBC Malaysia, financial project of Heilongjiang Pro- vince (XKLY2018ZR01), National Key R&D Program of China (2016YFC1201102 and 2016YFC0502405), the Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund (CAFYBB2017ZE001), CTFS Forest GEO for funding for Sinharaja forest plot, the Taiwan For- estry Bureau (92-00-2-06 and tfbm960226), the Taiwan Forestry Research Institute (93AS-2.4.2-FI-G1, 94AS-11.1.2-FI-G1, and 97AS- 7.1.1.F1-G1) and the Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan (NSC92-3114-B002-009) for funding the Fushan and Lienhuachih plots, Scientific Research Funds of Heilongjiang Provincial Research Institutes (CZKYF2021B006). J.C.S. considers this work a contribution to his VILLUM Investigator project ‘Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World’ funded by VILLUM FONDEN (grant no. 16549).

PY - 2021/4/14

Y1 - 2021/4/14

N2 - The decline in species richness at higher latitudes is among the most fundamental patterns in ecology. Whether changes in species composition across space (beta-diversity) contribute to this gradient of overall species richness (gamma-diversity) remains hotly debated. Previous studies that failed to resolve the issue suffered from a well-known tendency for small samples in areas with high gamma-diversity to have inflated measures of beta-diversity. Here, we provide a novel analytical test, using beta-diversity metrics that correct the gamma-diversity and sampling biases, to compare beta-diversity and species packing across a latitudinal gradient in tree species richness of 21 large forest plots along a large environmental gradient in East Asia. We demonstrate that after accounting for topography and correcting the gamma-diversity bias, tropical forests still have higher beta-diversity than temperate analogues. This suggests that beta-diversity contributes to the latitudinal species richness gradient as a component of gamma-diversity. Moreover, both niche specialization and niche marginality (a measure of niche spacing along an environmental gradient) also increase towards the equator, after controlling for the effect of topographical heterogeneity. This supports the joint importance of tighter species packing and larger niche space in tropical forests while also demonstrating the importance of local processes in controlling beta-diversity.

AB - The decline in species richness at higher latitudes is among the most fundamental patterns in ecology. Whether changes in species composition across space (beta-diversity) contribute to this gradient of overall species richness (gamma-diversity) remains hotly debated. Previous studies that failed to resolve the issue suffered from a well-known tendency for small samples in areas with high gamma-diversity to have inflated measures of beta-diversity. Here, we provide a novel analytical test, using beta-diversity metrics that correct the gamma-diversity and sampling biases, to compare beta-diversity and species packing across a latitudinal gradient in tree species richness of 21 large forest plots along a large environmental gradient in East Asia. We demonstrate that after accounting for topography and correcting the gamma-diversity bias, tropical forests still have higher beta-diversity than temperate analogues. This suggests that beta-diversity contributes to the latitudinal species richness gradient as a component of gamma-diversity. Moreover, both niche specialization and niche marginality (a measure of niche spacing along an environmental gradient) also increase towards the equator, after controlling for the effect of topographical heterogeneity. This supports the joint importance of tighter species packing and larger niche space in tropical forests while also demonstrating the importance of local processes in controlling beta-diversity.

KW - sampling bias

KW - niche specialisation

KW - latitude

KW - beta-diversity

KW - gamma-diversity

KW - species packing

U2 - 10.1098/rspb.2020.3045

DO - 10.1098/rspb.2020.3045

M3 - Article

C2 - 33849320

SN - 0962-8452

VL - 288

JO - Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. B, Biological Sciences

JF - Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. B, Biological Sciences

IS - 1948

M1 - 20203045

ER -

Species packing and the latitudinal gradient in beta-diversity

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

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Species packing and the latitudinal gradient in local beta-diversity

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