The Chemistry of Throughfall, Stemflow and Soil Water Beneath Oak Woodland and Moorland Vegetation in Upland Wales

Agriculture & Biology

• Quercus nigra 100%
• stemflow 93%
• throughfall 89%
• heathlands 75%
• Wales 69%
• woodlands 59%
• highlands 54%
• chemistry 53%
• soil water 50%
• vegetation 44%
• Quercus 43%
• canopy 38%
• solutes 35%
• podzolization 23%
• brown podzolic soils 21%
• woodland soils 20%
• exchangeable aluminum 18%
• exchangeable potassium 18%
• exchangeable calcium 18%
• broadleaved trees 17%
• Quercus petraea 15%
• afforestation 15%
• forest litter 13%
• ion exchange 13%
• vegetation types 13%
• acid soils 12%
• water quality 11%
• aluminum 10%
• chlorides 10%
• nitrates 9%
• sodium 8%
• grasses 8%
• ions 8%
• calcium 7%
• nutrients 7%
• acids 6%
• soil 6%
• water 4%

Earth & Environmental Sciences

• moorland 83%
• stemflow 82%
• throughfall 73%
• oak 58%
• woodland 56%
• soil water 48%
• canopy 38%
• vegetation 35%
• solute 30%
• aluminum 18%
• calcium 18%
• podzolization 17%
• brown soil 15%
• nutrient dynamics 14%
• acid soil 14%
• forest floor 13%
• afforestation 13%
• interception 13%
• water flux 12%
• vegetation type 11%
• ion exchange 11%
• grass 10%
• soil 10%
• potassium 10%
• chloride 9%
• sodium 8%
• fold 8%
• nitrate 8%
• water quality 7%
• ion 7%
• acid 7%
• loss 6%
• effect 2%