The development of the Helicopter Non-Technical Skills (HeliNOTS) behavioural marker systems

Oliver E. D.  Hamlet; Amy Irwin; Rhona Flin; Nejc Sedlar

doi:10.1080/00140139.2023.2194591

The development of the Helicopter Non-Technical Skills (HeliNOTS) behavioural marker systems

Oliver E. D. Hamlet^* (Corresponding Author), Amy Irwin, Rhona Flin, Nejc Sedlar

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

Behavioural marker systems (observational frameworks geared towards the assessment of non-technical skills by way of behavioural markers) exist across a variety of high-risk occupations, however, no identifiable system currently exists developed from rotary operative data. In this study, discussion groups (n = 9) were undertaken with subject matter experts (n = 20)—including pilots and technical crew operating across search and rescue and offshore transport environments—with the objective of identifying role-specific behavioural markers. Systems were reviewed on an iterative basis by the academic team and received final reviews by additional subject matter experts (n = 6). Two behavioural marker systems were constructed: HeliNOTS (O) for offshore transport pilots and HeliNOTS (SAR) for search and rescue crews; each with domain-specific behavioural markers. Both represent a significant step towards a nuanced approach to training and assessment of helicopter flight crews’ non-technical skills and are the first publicly available systems tailored to these distinct mission types.

Practitioner summary: There is no publicly available behavioural marker system based on data from rotary operatives. Across this study, two prototype systems were developed: HeliNOTS (SAR) for helicopter search and rescue, and HeliNOTS (O) for helicopter offshore transport. Both HeliNOTS systems represent a nuanced approach towards rotary CRM training and assessment.

Original language	English
Number of pages	10
Journal	Ergonomics
Early online date	27 Mar 2023
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1080/00140139.2023.2194591
Publication status	Published - 3 Apr 2023

Keywords

training evaluation
crew resource management
pilot/crew behaviour
pilot decision making
situation awareness

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10.1080/00140139.2023.2194591Licence: Unspecified

Hamlet_etal_E_The_development_of_VOR
2023 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The terms on which this article has been published allow the posting of the Accepted Manuscript in a repository by the author(s) or with their consent. ERGONOMICS https://doi.org/10.1080/00140139.2023.2194591
Final published version, 1.01 MBLicence: CC BY

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00140139.2023.2194591

Cite this

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title = "The development of the Helicopter Non-Technical Skills (HeliNOTS) behavioural marker systems",

abstract = "Behavioural marker systems (observational frameworks geared towards the assessment of non-technical skills by way of behavioural markers) exist across a variety of high-risk occupations, however, no identifiable system currently exists developed from rotary operative data. In this study, discussion groups (n = 9) were undertaken with subject matter experts (n = 20)—including pilots and technical crew operating across search and rescue and offshore transport environments—with the objective of identifying role-specific behavioural markers. Systems were reviewed on an iterative basis by the academic team and received final reviews by additional subject matter experts (n = 6). Two behavioural marker systems were constructed: HeliNOTS (O) for offshore transport pilots and HeliNOTS (SAR) for search and rescue crews; each with domain-specific behavioural markers. Both represent a significant step towards a nuanced approach to training and assessment of helicopter flight crews{\textquoteright} non-technical skills and are the first publicly available systems tailored to these distinct mission types.Practitioner summary: There is no publicly available behavioural marker system based on data from rotary operatives. Across this study, two prototype systems were developed: HeliNOTS (SAR) for helicopter search and rescue, and HeliNOTS (O) for helicopter offshore transport. Both HeliNOTS systems represent a nuanced approach towards rotary CRM training and assessment.",

keywords = "training evaluation, crew resource management, pilot/crew behaviour, pilot decision making, situation awareness",

author = "Hamlet, {Oliver E. D.} and Amy Irwin and Rhona Flin and Nejc Sedlar",

note = "Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank all of the pilots, technical crew personnel, CRM trainers, and aviation consultants for taking the time to participate in this study. Funding This research was collaboratively funded by the ESRC and Bristow Helicopters [grant number: ES/P000681/1].",

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doi = "10.1080/00140139.2023.2194591",

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AU - Hamlet, Oliver E. D.

AU - Irwin, Amy

AU - Flin, Rhona

AU - Sedlar, Nejc

N1 - Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank all of the pilots, technical crew personnel, CRM trainers, and aviation consultants for taking the time to participate in this study. Funding This research was collaboratively funded by the ESRC and Bristow Helicopters [grant number: ES/P000681/1].

PY - 2023/4/3

Y1 - 2023/4/3

N2 - Behavioural marker systems (observational frameworks geared towards the assessment of non-technical skills by way of behavioural markers) exist across a variety of high-risk occupations, however, no identifiable system currently exists developed from rotary operative data. In this study, discussion groups (n = 9) were undertaken with subject matter experts (n = 20)—including pilots and technical crew operating across search and rescue and offshore transport environments—with the objective of identifying role-specific behavioural markers. Systems were reviewed on an iterative basis by the academic team and received final reviews by additional subject matter experts (n = 6). Two behavioural marker systems were constructed: HeliNOTS (O) for offshore transport pilots and HeliNOTS (SAR) for search and rescue crews; each with domain-specific behavioural markers. Both represent a significant step towards a nuanced approach to training and assessment of helicopter flight crews’ non-technical skills and are the first publicly available systems tailored to these distinct mission types.Practitioner summary: There is no publicly available behavioural marker system based on data from rotary operatives. Across this study, two prototype systems were developed: HeliNOTS (SAR) for helicopter search and rescue, and HeliNOTS (O) for helicopter offshore transport. Both HeliNOTS systems represent a nuanced approach towards rotary CRM training and assessment.

AB - Behavioural marker systems (observational frameworks geared towards the assessment of non-technical skills by way of behavioural markers) exist across a variety of high-risk occupations, however, no identifiable system currently exists developed from rotary operative data. In this study, discussion groups (n = 9) were undertaken with subject matter experts (n = 20)—including pilots and technical crew operating across search and rescue and offshore transport environments—with the objective of identifying role-specific behavioural markers. Systems were reviewed on an iterative basis by the academic team and received final reviews by additional subject matter experts (n = 6). Two behavioural marker systems were constructed: HeliNOTS (O) for offshore transport pilots and HeliNOTS (SAR) for search and rescue crews; each with domain-specific behavioural markers. Both represent a significant step towards a nuanced approach to training and assessment of helicopter flight crews’ non-technical skills and are the first publicly available systems tailored to these distinct mission types.Practitioner summary: There is no publicly available behavioural marker system based on data from rotary operatives. Across this study, two prototype systems were developed: HeliNOTS (SAR) for helicopter search and rescue, and HeliNOTS (O) for helicopter offshore transport. Both HeliNOTS systems represent a nuanced approach towards rotary CRM training and assessment.

KW - training evaluation

KW - crew resource management

KW - pilot/crew behaviour

KW - pilot decision making

KW - situation awareness

U2 - 10.1080/00140139.2023.2194591

DO - 10.1080/00140139.2023.2194591

M3 - Article

JO - Ergonomics

JF - Ergonomics

SN - 0014-0139

ER -

The development of the Helicopter Non-Technical Skills (HeliNOTS) behavioural marker systems

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Keywords

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