Abstract
The hallucinogenic plant Salvia divinorum has been used for medical treatments of gastrointestinal disorders. Here, we evaluated the effect of a standardized extract from the leaves of Salvia divinorum (SDE) and of its active ingredient salvinorin A on motility in vivo, both in physiological states and during croton oil-induced intestinal inflammation. SDE (1-100 mg kg(-1)) significantly inhibited motility only in inflamed, but not in control, mice. In control mice, salvinorin A (0.01-10 mg kg(-1)) significantly inhibited motility only at the highest doses tested (3 and 10 mg kg(-1)) and this effect was not counteracted by naloxone or by the kappa-opioid receptor (KOR) antagonist nor-binaltorphimine. Inflammation significantly increased the potency of salvinorin A (but not of the KOR agonist U-50488) in reducing motility. The inhibitory effects of both salvinorin A and U-50488 in inflamed mice were counteracted by naloxone or by nor-binaltorphimine. We conclude that salvinorin A may reduce motility through activation of different targets. In physiological states, salvinorin A, at high doses, inhibited motility through a non-KOR mediated mechanism. Gut inflammation increased the potency of salvinorin A; this effect was mediated by KOR, but it was not shared by U-50488, thus suggesting that salvinorin A may have target(s) other than KOR in the inflamed gut.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 142-148 |
Number of pages | 7 |
Journal | Neurogastroenterology and motility : the official journal of the European Gastrointestinal Motility Society |
Volume | 20 |
Issue number | 2 |
Early online date | 4 Sept 2007 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - Feb 2008 |
Keywords
- 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer
- Analgesics, Non-Narcotic
- Animals
- Diterpenes
- Diterpenes, Clerodane
- Gastrointestinal Motility
- Hallucinogens
- Inflammation
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred ICR
- Plant Extracts
- Plant Leaves
- Receptors, Opioid, kappa
- Salvia
- Journal Article
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't