Abstract
Microbiota-induced cytokine responses participate in gut homeostasis, but the cytokine balance at steady-state and the role of individual bacterial species in setting the balance remain elusive. Herein, systematic analysis of gnotobiotic mice indicated that colonization by a whole mouse microbiota orchestrated a broad spectrum of proinflammatory T helper 1 (Th1), Th17, and regulatory T cell responses whereas most tested complex microbiota and individual bacteria failed to efficiently stimulate intestinal T cell responses. This function appeared the prerogative of a restricted number of bacteria, the prototype of which is the segmented filamentous bacterium, a nonculturable Clostridia-related species, which could largely recapitulate the coordinated maturation of T cell responses induced by the whole mouse microbiota. This bacterium, already known as a potent inducer of mucosal IgA, likely plays a unique role in the postnatal maturation of gut immune functions. Changes in the infant flora may thus influence the development of host immune responses.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 677-689 |
Number of pages | 13 |
Journal | Immunity |
Volume | 31 |
Issue number | 4 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 16 Oct 2009 |
Keywords
- mucosal immune-system
- commensal bacteria
- intestinal bacteria
- Lamina propria
- microbiota
- mice
- homeostasis
- IGA
- differentiation
- disease
- MOLIMMUNO
- MICROBIO