TY - JOUR
T1 - Transformation of arsenic species during in vitro gastrointestinal digestion of vegetables
AU - Calatayud, Marta
AU - Bralatei, Edi
AU - Feldmann, Jörg
AU - Devesa, Vicenta
AU - Vélez, Dinoraz
N1 - M.C. received a Personnel Training Grant from the Spanish Ministry of Education in order to carry out this study
PY - 2013/12/11
Y1 - 2013/12/11
N2 - Arsenic is an element widely distributed in the environment, and the diet is the main source of arsenic exposure for most people. However, many of the processes related to steps before intestinal absorption are unknown. This study evaluates the effect of in vitro gastrointestinal digestion on pentavalent arsenic forms [As(V), MMA(V), DMA(V)] present in various vegetables (garlic, broccoli, asparagus, spinach) after soaking or boiling in aqueous solutions of these species. The results showed that the gastrointestinal digest contained trivalent or thiolated arsenic forms different from the pentavalent species added initially. Transformation percentages varied, depending on sample, treatment, and arsenic species. Results showed transformation of up to 22% to As(III), 35% to MMA(III)/MMAS, and 26% to DMA(III)/DMAS. These data indicate that more toxic arsenic species are present in the gastrointestinal digest, and they highlight the need to consider this process when evaluating the toxicological risk associated with ingestion of this metalloid.
AB - Arsenic is an element widely distributed in the environment, and the diet is the main source of arsenic exposure for most people. However, many of the processes related to steps before intestinal absorption are unknown. This study evaluates the effect of in vitro gastrointestinal digestion on pentavalent arsenic forms [As(V), MMA(V), DMA(V)] present in various vegetables (garlic, broccoli, asparagus, spinach) after soaking or boiling in aqueous solutions of these species. The results showed that the gastrointestinal digest contained trivalent or thiolated arsenic forms different from the pentavalent species added initially. Transformation percentages varied, depending on sample, treatment, and arsenic species. Results showed transformation of up to 22% to As(III), 35% to MMA(III)/MMAS, and 26% to DMA(III)/DMAS. These data indicate that more toxic arsenic species are present in the gastrointestinal digest, and they highlight the need to consider this process when evaluating the toxicological risk associated with ingestion of this metalloid.
KW - arsenic
KW - gastrointestinal digestion
KW - transformation
KW - vegetables
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84890536555&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1021/jf4034738
DO - 10.1021/jf4034738
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:84890536555
VL - 61
SP - 12164
EP - 12170
JO - Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
JF - Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
SN - 0021-8561
IS - 49
ER -