Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether circulating levels of the inflammatory markers C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha are associated with cognitive ability and estimated lifetime cognitive decline in an elderly population with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study of 1,066 men and women aged 60-75 years with type 2 diabetes and living in Lothian, Scotland (the Edinburgh Type 2 Diabetes Study), was performed. Seven cognitive tests were used to measure abilities in memory, nonverbal reasoning, information processing speed, executive function, and mental flexibility. The results were used to derive a general intelligence factor (g). A vocabulary-based test was administered as an estimate of peak prior cognitive ability. Results on the cognitive tests were assessed for statistical association with inflammatory markers measured in a venous blood sample at the time of cognitive testing. RESULTS: Higher IL-6 and TNF-alpha levels were associated with poorer age- and sex-adjusted scores on the majority of the individual cognitive tests. They were also associated with g using standardized regression coefficients -0.074 to -0.173 (P <0.05). After adjusting for vocabulary, education level, cardiovascular dysfunction, duration of diabetes, and glycemic control, IL-6 remained associated with three of the cognitive tests and with g. CONCLUSIONS: In this representative population of people with type 2 diabetes, elevated circulating levels of inflammatory markers were associated with poorer cognitive ability. IL-6 levels were also associated with estimated lifetime cognitive decline.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 710-713 |
Number of pages | 4 |
Journal | Diabetes |
Volume | 59 |
Issue number | 3 |
Early online date | 3 Dec 2009 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - Mar 2010 |
Keywords
- Aged
- Biological Markers
- C-Reactive Protein
- Cognition Disorders
- Cross-Sectional Studies
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
- Female
- Humans
- Interleukin-6
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Multivariate Analysis
- Risk Factors
- Scotland
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha