Banners of the Double Kingdom: How to Identify the Product of Creation and Its Order

One of the important dogmatic questions concerning the creed’s first article is to understand what gets produced in the divine act of creation and how that product is ontologically ordered. Traditionally creation is regarded as a double product of two kingdoms, heaven and earth, where God’s sovereign governance of earth is mediated through a governance already established in the created realm of heaven. I show that there are theological and philosophical reasons for affirming that God not only makes heaven and earth, but ontologically orders them so that the visible things are made from, or through the mediation of, the invisible.