C-Type Lectin Receptors in Asthma

Asthma is a heterogeneous disease that affects approximately 300 million people worldwide, largely in developed countries. The aetiology of the disease is poorly understood but is likely to involve specific innate and adaptive responses to inhaled microbial components that are found in allergens. Fungal derived allergens represent a major contributing factor in the initiation, persistence, exacerbation and severity of allergic asthma. C-type lectin like receptors such as Dectin-1, Dectin-2, DC-SIGN and Mannose receptor, recognise many fungal derived allergens and other structurally similar allergens derived from house dust mites (HDM). In some cases, the fungal derived allergens have been structurally and functionally identified alongside their respective receptors in both humans and mice. In this review, we discuss recent understanding on how selected fungal and HDM derived allergens as well as their known or unknown receptors shape allergic airway diseases.