Common genetic determinants of vitamin D insufficiency: a genome-wide association study

Thomas J. Wang, Feng Zhang, J. Brent Richards, Bryan Kestenbaum, Joyce B. van Meurs, Diane Berry, Douglas P. Kiel, Elizabeth A. Streeten, Claes Ohlsson, Daniel L. Koller, Leena Peltonen, Jason D. Cooper, Paul F. O'Reilly, Denise K. Houston, Nicole L. Glazer, Liesbeth Vandenput, Munro Peacock, Julia Shi, Fernando Rivadeneira, Mark I. McCarthyPouta Anneli, Ian H. de Boer, Massimo Mangino, Bernet Kato, Deborah J. Smyth, Sarah L. Booth, Paul F. Jacques, Greg L. Burke, Mark Goodarzi, Ching-Lung Cheung, Myles Wolf, Kenneth Rice, David Goltzman, Nick Hidiroglou, Martin Ladouceur, Nicholas J. Wareham, Lynne J. Hocking, Deborah Hart, Nigel K. Arden, Cyrus Cooper, Suneil Malik, William D. Fraser, Anna-Liisa Hartikainen, Guangju Zhai, Helen M. Macdonald, Nita G. Forouhi, Ruth J. F. Loos, David M. Reid, Alan Hakim, Elaine Dennison, Yongmei Liu, Chris Power, Helen E. Stevens, Laitinen Jaana, Ramachandran S. Vasan, Nicole Soranzo, Joerg Bojunga, Bruce M. Psaty, Mattias Lorentzon, Tatiana Foroud, Tamara B. Harris, Albert Hofman, John-Olov Jonsson, Jane A. Cauley, Andre G. Uitterlinden, Quince Gibson, Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin, David Karasik, David S. Siscovick, Michael J. Econs, Stephen B. Kritchevsky, Jose C. Florez, John A. Todd, Josee Dupuis, Elina Hyppoenen, Timothy D. Spector

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

1348 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Background Vitamin D is crucial for maintenance of musculoskeletal health, and might also have a role in extraskeletal tissues. Determinants of circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations include sun exposure and diet, but high heritability suggests that genetic factors could also play a part. We aimed to identify common genetic variants affecting vitamin D concentrations and risk of insufficiency.

Methods We undertook a genome-wide association study of 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in 33 996 individuals of European descent from 15 cohorts. Five epidemiological cohorts were designated as discovery cohorts (n=16 125), five as in-silico replication cohorts (n=9367), and five as de-novo replication cohorts (n=8504). 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay, chemiluminescent assay, ELISA, or mass spectrometry. Vitamin D insufficiency was defined as concentrations lower than 75 nmol/L or 50 nmol/L. We combined results of genome-wide analyses across cohorts using Z-score-weighted meta-analysis. Genotype scores were constructed for confirmed variants.

Findings Variants at three loci reached genome-wide significance in discovery cohorts for association with 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations, and were confirmed in replication cohorts: 4p12 (overall p=1.9x10(-109) for rs2282679, in GC); 11q12 (p=2.1x10(-22) for rs12785878, near DHCR7); and 11p15 (p=3.3x10(-20) for rs10741657, near CYP2R1). Variants at an additional locus (20q13, CYP24A1) were genome-wide significant in the pooled sample (p=6.0x10(-10) for rs6013897). Participants with a genotype score (combining the three confirmed variants) in the highest quartile were at increased risk of having 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations lower than 75 nmol/L (OR 2.47, 95% CI 2.20-2.78, p=2.3x10(-48)) or lower than 50 nmol/L (1.92, 1.70-2-16, p=1.0x10(-26)) compared with those in the lowest quartile.

Interpretation Variants near genes involved in cholesterol synthesis, hydroxylation, and vitamin D transport affect vitamin D status. Genetic variation at these loci identifies individuals who have substantially raised risk of vitamin D insufficiency.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)180-188
Number of pages9
JournalThe Lancet
Volume376
Issue number9736
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 17 Jul 2010

Keywords

  • D-binding protein
  • randomized controlled-trials
  • lemli-opitz-syndrome
  • D deficiency
  • serum 25-hydroxyvitamin-D
  • plasma-concentrations
  • D supplementation
  • cancer risk
  • metaanalysis
  • calcium

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