Abstract
As one possibility to increase flexibility, battery storage systems (BSS) will play a key role in the decarbonization of the energy system. The emissions-intensity of grid electricity becomes more important as these BSSs are more widely employed. In this paper, we introduce a novel data basis for the determination of the energy system's CO2 emissions, which is a match between the ENTSO-E database and the EUTL databases. We further postulate four different dynamic emission factors (EF) to determine the hourly CO2 emissions caused through a change in electricity demand: the average emission factor (AEF), the marginal power mix (MPM), the marginal system response (MSR) and an energy-model-derived marginal power plant (MPP). For generic and battery storage systems, a linear optimization on two levels optimizes the economic and environmental storage dispatch for a set of 50 small and medium enterprises in Germany. The four different emission factors have different signaling effects. The AEF leads to the lowest CO2 reduction and allows for roughly two daily cycles. The other EFs show a higher volatility, which leads to a higher utilization of the storage system from 3.4 to 5.4 daily cycles. The minimum mean value for CO2 abatement costs over all 50 companies is 14.13 €/tCO2 .
Original language | English |
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Article number | 121588 |
Number of pages | 12 |
Journal | Journal of Cleaner Production |
Volume | 266 |
Early online date | 26 Apr 2020 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 1 Sept 2020 |
Bibliographical note
The authors thank the Energie Consulting GmbH in Kehl- Goldscheuer, Germany, and its managing director Dr. Jürgen Joseph for the provision of the anonymized data of the 50 SMEs. The third author (RM) acknowledges the financial support of the FlexSUS Project (Project nbr. 91352), which has received funding in the framework of the joint programming initiative ERA-Net Smart Energy Systems’ focus initiative Integrated, Regional Energy Systems, with support from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 775970, as well as the Smart City Accelerator project. The usual disclaimer applies.Keywords
- CO emissions
- CO-minimizing dispatch
- Dynamic emission factors
- Empirical emission factors
- Energy storage system
- German industry
- ENERGY
- FLEXIBILITY
- CO2 EMISSIONS
- CO2 emissions
- CO2-minimizing dispatch
- ELECTRICITY-GENERATION
- IMPACTS