Field-based Evaluation of Rice Genotypes for Enhanced Growth, Yield Attributes, Yield, and Grain Yield Efficiency Index in Irrigated Lowlands of the Indo-Gangetic Plains

S. Gawdiya; D. Kumar; YS  Shivay; A Bhatia; S. Mehrotra; MS  Chandra; A  Kumawat; R. Kumar; A. Price; N. Raghuram; H. Pathak; M. Sutton

doi:10.3390/su15118793

Field-based Evaluation of Rice Genotypes for Enhanced Growth, Yield Attributes, Yield, and Grain Yield Efficiency Index in Irrigated Lowlands of the Indo-Gangetic Plains

S. Gawdiya, D. Kumar^* (Corresponding Author), YS Shivay, A Bhatia, S. Mehrotra^* (Corresponding Author), MS Chandra, A Kumawat, R. Kumar, A. Price, N. Raghuram, H. Pathak, M. Sutton

^*Corresponding author for this work

Aberdeen Centre For Environmental Sustainability

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

1 Citation (Scopus)

Abstract

Nitrogen (N) fertilizers are widely used worldwide to increase agricultural productivity. However, significant N losses contributing to air and water pollution ultimately reduce the nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of crops. Numerous research studies have emphasized the use of a low dose of N fertilizer, but few have focused on screening N-efficient rice genotypes. This study aimed to identify and screen ten rice genotypes that are N-use-efficient under different N fertilization treatments using the surface placement of neem-oil-coated urea: N0 (control), N60 (½ of recommended N), and N120 (recommended N) for two consecutive years (2020 and 2021) under a split plot design. In both growing seasons, the application of N120 yielded the highest panicles m−2 (PAN = 453), filled grains panicle−1 (FGP = 133), leaf area index (LAI = 5.47), tillers m−2 (TILL = 541), grain yield t ha−1 (GY = 5.5) and harvest index (HI = 45.4%) by the genotype ‘Nidhi’, being closely followed by the genotype ‘Daya’. Four genotypes (‘Nidhi’, ‘Daya’, ‘PB 1728’ and ‘Nagina 22’), out of the ten genotypes evaluated, responded well to different fertilization treatments with N with respect to the grain yield efficiency index (GYEI ≥ 1). Regarding N fertilization, N60 and N120 recorded the highest increase in PAN (28.5%; 41.4%), FGP (29.5%; 39.3%), test weight (29.5%; 45.3%), LAI at 30 days after transplanting (DAT) (143.7%; 223.3%), and LAI at 60 DAT (61.6%; 70.1%) when compared with N0. Furthermore, the application of N60 and N120 improved GY and HI by 47.6% and 59.4%, and 3.4% and 6.2%, respectively, over N0. Nitrogen addition (N60 and N120) also significantly increased the chlorophyll content at 60 DAT (8.8%; 16.3%), TILL at 60 DAT (22.9%; 46.2%), TILL at harvest (28%; 41.4%), respectively, over N0. Overall, our research findings clearly indicate that ‘Nidhi’ and ‘Daya’ could be efficient candidates for improved nitrogen use, grain yield and GYEI in the Indo-Gangetic plains of India.

Original language	English
Article number	8793
Number of pages	18
Journal	Sustainability
Volume	15
Issue number	11
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3390/su15118793
Publication status	Published - 30 May 2023

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
This work was supported by the UKRI-GCRF South Asia Nitrogen Hub (SANH, NE/S009019/1). The authors thank the ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, for providing a senior research fellowship for the entire duration of Ph.D. work to S.G.

Keywords

grain yield
grain yield efficiency index
nitrogen fertilization
rice genotypes

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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© 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
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Cite this

Gawdiya, S., Kumar, D., Shivay, YS., Bhatia, A., Mehrotra, S., Chandra, MS., Kumawat, A., Kumar, R., Price, A., Raghuram, N., Pathak, H., & Sutton, M. (2023). Field-based Evaluation of Rice Genotypes for Enhanced Growth, Yield Attributes, Yield, and Grain Yield Efficiency Index in Irrigated Lowlands of the Indo-Gangetic Plains. Sustainability, 15(11), Article 8793. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15118793

Gawdiya, S, Kumar, D, Shivay, YS, Bhatia, A, Mehrotra, S, Chandra, MS, Kumawat, A, Kumar, R, Price, A, Raghuram, N, Pathak, H & Sutton, M 2023, 'Field-based Evaluation of Rice Genotypes for Enhanced Growth, Yield Attributes, Yield, and Grain Yield Efficiency Index in Irrigated Lowlands of the Indo-Gangetic Plains', Sustainability, vol. 15, no. 11, 8793. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15118793

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title = "Field-based Evaluation of Rice Genotypes for Enhanced Growth, Yield Attributes, Yield, and Grain Yield Efficiency Index in Irrigated Lowlands of the Indo-Gangetic Plains",

abstract = "Nitrogen (N) fertilizers are widely used worldwide to increase agricultural productivity. However, significant N losses contributing to air and water pollution ultimately reduce the nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of crops. Numerous research studies have emphasized the use of a low dose of N fertilizer, but few have focused on screening N-efficient rice genotypes. This study aimed to identify and screen ten rice genotypes that are N-use-efficient under different N fertilization treatments using the surface placement of neem-oil-coated urea: N0 (control), N60 (½ of recommended N), and N120 (recommended N) for two consecutive years (2020 and 2021) under a split plot design. In both growing seasons, the application of N120 yielded the highest panicles m−2 (PAN = 453), filled grains panicle−1 (FGP = 133), leaf area index (LAI = 5.47), tillers m−2 (TILL = 541), grain yield t ha−1 (GY = 5.5) and harvest index (HI = 45.4%) by the genotype {\textquoteleft}Nidhi{\textquoteright}, being closely followed by the genotype {\textquoteleft}Daya{\textquoteright}. Four genotypes ({\textquoteleft}Nidhi{\textquoteright}, {\textquoteleft}Daya{\textquoteright}, {\textquoteleft}PB 1728{\textquoteright} and {\textquoteleft}Nagina 22{\textquoteright}), out of the ten genotypes evaluated, responded well to different fertilization treatments with N with respect to the grain yield efficiency index (GYEI ≥ 1). Regarding N fertilization, N60 and N120 recorded the highest increase in PAN (28.5%; 41.4%), FGP (29.5%; 39.3%), test weight (29.5%; 45.3%), LAI at 30 days after transplanting (DAT) (143.7%; 223.3%), and LAI at 60 DAT (61.6%; 70.1%) when compared with N0. Furthermore, the application of N60 and N120 improved GY and HI by 47.6% and 59.4%, and 3.4% and 6.2%, respectively, over N0. Nitrogen addition (N60 and N120) also significantly increased the chlorophyll content at 60 DAT (8.8%; 16.3%), TILL at 60 DAT (22.9%; 46.2%), TILL at harvest (28%; 41.4%), respectively, over N0. Overall, our research findings clearly indicate that {\textquoteleft}Nidhi{\textquoteright} and {\textquoteleft}Daya{\textquoteright} could be efficient candidates for improved nitrogen use, grain yield and GYEI in the Indo-Gangetic plains of India.",

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note = "Funding Information: This work was supported by the UKRI-GCRF South Asia Nitrogen Hub (SANH, NE/S009019/1). The authors thank the ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, for providing a senior research fellowship for the entire duration of Ph.D. work to S.G. ",

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T1 - Field-based Evaluation of Rice Genotypes for Enhanced Growth, Yield Attributes, Yield, and Grain Yield Efficiency Index in Irrigated Lowlands of the Indo-Gangetic Plains

AU - Gawdiya, S.

AU - Kumar, D.

AU - Shivay, YS

AU - Bhatia, A

AU - Mehrotra, S.

AU - Chandra, MS

AU - Kumawat, A

AU - Kumar, R.

AU - Price, A.

AU - Raghuram, N.

AU - Pathak, H.

AU - Sutton, M.

N1 - Funding Information: This work was supported by the UKRI-GCRF South Asia Nitrogen Hub (SANH, NE/S009019/1). The authors thank the ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, for providing a senior research fellowship for the entire duration of Ph.D. work to S.G.

PY - 2023/5/30

Y1 - 2023/5/30

N2 - Nitrogen (N) fertilizers are widely used worldwide to increase agricultural productivity. However, significant N losses contributing to air and water pollution ultimately reduce the nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of crops. Numerous research studies have emphasized the use of a low dose of N fertilizer, but few have focused on screening N-efficient rice genotypes. This study aimed to identify and screen ten rice genotypes that are N-use-efficient under different N fertilization treatments using the surface placement of neem-oil-coated urea: N0 (control), N60 (½ of recommended N), and N120 (recommended N) for two consecutive years (2020 and 2021) under a split plot design. In both growing seasons, the application of N120 yielded the highest panicles m−2 (PAN = 453), filled grains panicle−1 (FGP = 133), leaf area index (LAI = 5.47), tillers m−2 (TILL = 541), grain yield t ha−1 (GY = 5.5) and harvest index (HI = 45.4%) by the genotype ‘Nidhi’, being closely followed by the genotype ‘Daya’. Four genotypes (‘Nidhi’, ‘Daya’, ‘PB 1728’ and ‘Nagina 22’), out of the ten genotypes evaluated, responded well to different fertilization treatments with N with respect to the grain yield efficiency index (GYEI ≥ 1). Regarding N fertilization, N60 and N120 recorded the highest increase in PAN (28.5%; 41.4%), FGP (29.5%; 39.3%), test weight (29.5%; 45.3%), LAI at 30 days after transplanting (DAT) (143.7%; 223.3%), and LAI at 60 DAT (61.6%; 70.1%) when compared with N0. Furthermore, the application of N60 and N120 improved GY and HI by 47.6% and 59.4%, and 3.4% and 6.2%, respectively, over N0. Nitrogen addition (N60 and N120) also significantly increased the chlorophyll content at 60 DAT (8.8%; 16.3%), TILL at 60 DAT (22.9%; 46.2%), TILL at harvest (28%; 41.4%), respectively, over N0. Overall, our research findings clearly indicate that ‘Nidhi’ and ‘Daya’ could be efficient candidates for improved nitrogen use, grain yield and GYEI in the Indo-Gangetic plains of India.

AB - Nitrogen (N) fertilizers are widely used worldwide to increase agricultural productivity. However, significant N losses contributing to air and water pollution ultimately reduce the nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of crops. Numerous research studies have emphasized the use of a low dose of N fertilizer, but few have focused on screening N-efficient rice genotypes. This study aimed to identify and screen ten rice genotypes that are N-use-efficient under different N fertilization treatments using the surface placement of neem-oil-coated urea: N0 (control), N60 (½ of recommended N), and N120 (recommended N) for two consecutive years (2020 and 2021) under a split plot design. In both growing seasons, the application of N120 yielded the highest panicles m−2 (PAN = 453), filled grains panicle−1 (FGP = 133), leaf area index (LAI = 5.47), tillers m−2 (TILL = 541), grain yield t ha−1 (GY = 5.5) and harvest index (HI = 45.4%) by the genotype ‘Nidhi’, being closely followed by the genotype ‘Daya’. Four genotypes (‘Nidhi’, ‘Daya’, ‘PB 1728’ and ‘Nagina 22’), out of the ten genotypes evaluated, responded well to different fertilization treatments with N with respect to the grain yield efficiency index (GYEI ≥ 1). Regarding N fertilization, N60 and N120 recorded the highest increase in PAN (28.5%; 41.4%), FGP (29.5%; 39.3%), test weight (29.5%; 45.3%), LAI at 30 days after transplanting (DAT) (143.7%; 223.3%), and LAI at 60 DAT (61.6%; 70.1%) when compared with N0. Furthermore, the application of N60 and N120 improved GY and HI by 47.6% and 59.4%, and 3.4% and 6.2%, respectively, over N0. Nitrogen addition (N60 and N120) also significantly increased the chlorophyll content at 60 DAT (8.8%; 16.3%), TILL at 60 DAT (22.9%; 46.2%), TILL at harvest (28%; 41.4%), respectively, over N0. Overall, our research findings clearly indicate that ‘Nidhi’ and ‘Daya’ could be efficient candidates for improved nitrogen use, grain yield and GYEI in the Indo-Gangetic plains of India.

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KW - grain yield efficiency index

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DO - 10.3390/su15118793

M3 - Article

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VL - 15

JO - Sustainability

JF - Sustainability

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ER -

Field-based Evaluation of Rice Genotypes for Enhanced Growth, Yield Attributes, Yield, and Grain Yield Efficiency Index in Irrigated Lowlands of the Indo-Gangetic Plains

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

UN SDGs

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