@inbook{f2ec3e4d44734c80b15fa690379a40bc,
title = "Highly Sensitive Quantitative Determination of Retinoic Acid Levels, Retinoic Acid Synthesis, and Catabolism in Embryonic Tissue Using a Reporter Cell-Based Method",
abstract = "The effect of all-trans retinoic acid (RA) on embryogenesis is tissue specific and highly concentration dependent. Using a liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry-based method to quantify trace amounts of RA in embryonic tissue requires expensive specialist facilities. Here, we describe the use of a RA response element (RARE)-lacZ reporter cell-based method, which is simple and cost effective, to measure RA levels in small pieces of tissue from the embryo. We further apply this method to quantitatively assay activities of RA-synthesizing and RA-catabolizing enzymes, the key regulators of RA bioavailability in tissues and developing organs of the embryo.",
keywords = "Cell culture, CYP26, Embryo, RALDH, Retinoic acid, Retinoic acid metabolism, Retinoic acid reporter cell line, Retinoic acid synthesis",
author = "Lee, {Leo M.Y.} and Tam, {Selina T.K.} and McCaffery, {Peter J.} and Shum, {Alisa S.W.}",
year = "2019",
month = jul,
day = "30",
doi = "10.1007/978-1-4939-9585-1_13",
language = "English",
isbn = "978-1-4939-9584-4",
volume = "2019",
series = "Methods in Molecular Biology",
publisher = "HUMANA PRESS INC",
pages = "181--192",
editor = "Ray, {Swapan K.}",
booktitle = "Retinoid and Rexinoid Signaling",
}