Abstract
This study investigated whether young and older adults can predict their future performance on an event-based prospective memory (PM) task. Metacognitive awareness was assessed by asking participants to give judgments-of-learning (JOLs) on an item-level for the prospective (remembering that something has to be done) and retrospective (remembering what to do) PM component. In addition, to explore possible age differences in the ability to adapt predictions to the difficulty of the task, encoding time and the relatedness between the prospective and the retrospective PM component were varied. Results revealed that both age groups were sensitive to our task manipulations and adapted their predictions appropriately. Moreover, item-level JOLs indicated that for the retrospective component, young and older adults were equally accurate and slightly overconfident. For the prospective component, predictions were fairly accurate in young adults, while older adults were overconfident. Thus, results suggest that general overconfidence is increased in older adults and concerns both components of PM. Findings regarding the conceptual differences between the prospective and retrospective components of a PM task, as well as the link between aging and metamemory in PM are discussed.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 436-459 |
Number of pages | 24 |
Journal | Experimental Aging Research |
Volume | 45 |
Issue number | 5 |
Early online date | 13 Sept 2019 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 2019 |
Bibliographical note
Funding: This study was founded by a joint grant from the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) and the Agence Nationale de Recherche (ANR; France).We thank Charlotte Caparaos, Sophie Consigny, Clara Delaissiaz and Pauline Lopez for assistance with data collection. Preparation of this manuscript was funded by a joint grant from the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), the Agence Nationale de Recherche (ANR; France) to MK, CM, KS and CS. CM gratefully acknowledges the support of the Institut Universitaire de France.
Keywords
- prospective memory
- metacognition
- udgment-of-learning
- aging
- AGE-DIFFERENCES
- METAANALYSIS
- METACOGNITION
- PERFORMANCE
- AWARENESS
- YOUNGER
- ACCURACY
- METAMEMORY
- JUDGMENTS
- WORKING-MEMORY